We will be talking about these 3 most common types of cancer.Let’s start with lung cancer:

Imaging Techniques

These techniques allow to carry out a thorough examination of tissues, organs and bones. Images can also be an abnormal accumulation of fluid or swollen lymph nodes.These tests are usually painless and requires no anesthesia.
Sputum Cytology

Samples of phlegm expelled by the lungs (sputum) is examined under a microscope to detect the presence of cancer cells.
Biopsy

A biopsy is usually necessary to establish with certainty a diagnosis of cancer. This procedure involves removing cells from the body and examined microscopically. If the cancer cells turn out, we can deepen the analysis. There are several types of biopsy.

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The fine needle aspiration biopsy uses a thin needle to aspirate a small amount of fluid or cells from the lungs or nearby lymph nodes. If necessary, the doctor will use ultrasound imaging or CT to guide the needle into the suspicious area.
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A thoracenthèse is practiced in the case of accumulation of pleural fluid between the lungs and chest cavity. The area under review will be desensitized in advance using a local anesthetic.The doctor will insert a long needle between the ribs to suck the liquid that is then analyzed.The doctor will insert a long needle between the ribs to suck the liquid that is then analyzed.
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Bronchoscopy allows examination of the trachea and major airways leading to the lungs using a thin, flexible tube (bronchoscope), with a light at the end. The bronchoscope is inserted through the nose or throat to the lungs. You will receive a mild sedative and a local anesthetic to numb the area under consideration. If the doctor observes something unusual, it may take some samples of tissue through a bronchoscope. You'll probably have a sore throat after the examination, but it is a normal effect that will disappear after a day or two.
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A mediastinoscopy is necessary when necessary to examine the tissues and lymph nodes surrounding the trachea. The doctor makes a small incision at the base of the neck and inserts a thin, flexible tube to collect tissue samples. This examination requires general anesthesia.
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We perform a thoracoscopy in the case of lung tumors that can not be verified by bronchoscopy, or involving the pleura. The doctor makes a small incision in the chest wall and inserts an instrument called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. This technique allows to directly inspect the chest cavity, through the thoracoscope. The doctor may need to collect tissue samples by performing additional small incisions in the chest wall. Thoracoscopy requires general anesthesia.
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At thoracotomy, the surgeon makes a long incision to open the chest and examine the bodies there. Tissue samples can then be taken, and some lymph nodes removed.Thoracotomy requires general anesthesia is not used this procedure only if no other diagnostic test did not provide conclusive results.

Blood Tests

Using samples of your blood, it verifies the amount and appearance of different types of blood cells. Other blood tests can indicate how your organs function normally and help to confirm or refute the diagnosis of cancer.
Additional examinations

If the initial diagnostic tests show that you have lung cancer, your doctor may want you to have other imaging tests or other tests to see if the cancer has spread.